4.6 4.6 ——“”“”“” 1807——“” $[-\pi, \pi]$ $f(x)$ $$ f(x) \sim \frac{a0}{2} + \sum{n=1}^{\infty} \left( an \cos(nx) + bn \sin(nx) \right) $$ $$ an = \frac{1}{\pi} \int{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x) \cos(nx)\, dx, \quad bn = \frac{1}{\pi} \int{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x) \sin(nx)\, dx $$ $f$ $\{1, \cos(nx), \sin(nx)\}{n=1}^\infty$ “”“” L² $L^2([-\pi, \pi])$ $\left\{